Oncologist: 25-minute sun limit prevents skin cancer

Since the beginning of this week, the Kuban region has recorded a high ultraviolet index (UV index) of 8–9. Excessive sun exposure can lead to skin cancer and melanoma, which rank first in the structure of all oncological diseases in our region (14%). Daria Khoreva, an oncologist at the Euroonco Expert Oncology Clinic, told 93.RU how to protect your skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation.

— Daria Viktorovna, tell our readers what the UV index is and why it is so important for residents of Krasnodar Krai to monitor its value?

— The UV index is an international standard for measuring the intensity of ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth. This index ranges from 0 to 11 and above, where values from 0 to 2 indicate low danger, 3–5 moderate, 6–7 high, 8–10 very high, and 11 and above extreme.

«Extreme risk zone»

For residents of Krasnodar Krai, where the number of sunny days is significantly higher than in other regions of Russia, it is especially important to monitor the UV index. For example, at an index of 8+, the safe time in the sun is reduced to 15–25 minutes.

For Krasnodar Krai, these are not abstract numbers: our region is located at a latitude where the level of UV radiation is comparable to Africa. In summer, the index here regularly exceeds 8–10 points — this is an «extreme» risk zone. The reason is proximity to the equator, minimal cloud cover, and reflective surfaces (water, sand) that enhance radiation by 85%. If in other regions of Russia a UV index of 3–5 is rare, here from May to September, indicators requiring maximum protection become the norm.

— How can the UV index affect the development of skin cancer and melanoma?

— A direct link between a high UV index and oncological diseases has been proven by global research. There are three main types of ultraviolet radiation: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVC rays are almost completely absorbed by the atmosphere and do not reach the Earth«s surface, while UVA and UVB rays penetrate the atmosphere and affect the skin. UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin and contribute to aging, and also play a key role in the development of skin cancer. UVB rays mainly affect the upper layers of the skin and are the main cause of sunburn.

«Rays affect cell DNA»

Both types of radiation contribute to the development of skin cancer, and their effects can be cumulative, that is, accumulate over time. This means that even small doses of ultraviolet radiation received over a lifetime can add up and increase the risk of developing skin cancer.

Ultraviolet rays damage the DNA of skin cells, causing mutations. At an index above 8, this process occurs not in hours, but in minutes. Here is alarming statistics for Kuban:

14% of all cancer diagnoses in the region are skin cancer (basal cell and squamous cell) and melanoma;

Over 3,000 new cases of skin cancer and 600 cases of melanoma are detected annually.

Repeated burns are especially dangerous: even one serious burn in childhood doubles the risk of melanoma. This is confirmed by global practice: in Australia, which has a similar climate, the incidence of melanoma among fair-skinned people is 10–20 times higher than in Europe.

Melanoma is the most dangerous form of skin cancer, developing from cells that produce the pigment melanin. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation increases the risk of developing melanoma, especially in people with fair skin, red or blonde hair, and those with many moles. It is important to note that melanoma can develop not only on sun-exposed areas of the skin, but also on those that rarely see the sun, such as the soles of the feet and palms.

Melanoma can metastasize quickly, so early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for survival. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of melanoma cases, making prevention and awareness even more important. For example, in Australia, where UV levels are very high, large-scale public awareness campaigns about the importance of sun protection have led to a reduction in melanoma incidence.

«How to protect your skin from the sun?»

Protection should be comprehensive and adapted to our realities. Here are the key rules:

Avoid the sun during «peak hours»:

From 10:00 to 17:00 when the UV index is above 8, it is better to stay indoors. Check the current index through weather apps, browser, or phone settings. Remember: clouds do not help — they transmit up to 80% of UV rays.

Use sunscreen correctly:

Cream with SPF 50+ and labeled «broad spectrum 400+» (protection against UVA/UVB). Apply 30 ml to the entire body 20 minutes before going out and reapply every 2 hours. After swimming — immediately!

For the nose, lips, and ears — products with zinc oxide (physical barrier).

Wear technological clothing:

Dark or bright colors (absorb more rays than white).

Dense fabrics: polyester blocks UV better than cotton. Check for UPF 50+ label.

Wide-brimmed hat (at least 7.5 cm brim) and sunglasses with 98–100% UV filter.

Special recommendations for Kuban:

On the beach: sand and water reflect up to 85% of rays! An umbrella reduces risk by only 50%. Be sure to combine it with clothing and cream.

Children: skin is thinner than adults. Cover them as much as possible with clothing, apply SPF 50+ cream, and forbid playing in the sun from 10:00 to 17:00.

Farmers and gardeners: plan work for the morning (before 10:00) or evening (after 17:00). Wear long-sleeved shirts and collars.

— And finally, remember the importance of regular check-ups with a dermatologist (at least once a year), especially if you have moles or other skin changes. Early detection of changes can significantly increase the chances of successful treatment. Regular examinations using digital dermatoscopy by a specialist can help identify potential problems at an early stage, when they are easier to treat. It is recommended to self-examine your skin once a month and consult a doctor at any suspicious changes, such as changes in the color, size, or shape of moles.

By following these simple tips, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing skin cancer and melanoma. Skin health is not only an aesthetic issue but also an important aspect of overall health. If you have additional questions or need a consultation, do not hesitate to contact specialists. Your health is in your hands!

Also remember that a healthy lifestyle, including proper nutrition and quitting smoking, can further reduce the risk of developing skin cancer. Be attentive to your health and the health of your loved ones, and enjoy life while minimizing risks. Do not forget that sun protection is important not only in summer but also in other seasons, especially if you are in regions with high levels of ultraviolet radiation.